第二部分   体育运动Physical Culture and Sports

(一)总类 General

1、体育运动种类Kinds of Sport

water sports 水上运动            

ancient sports 古典运动

spring sports春季运动

summer sports夏季运动

autumn sports 秋季运动

winter sports 冬季运动

athletics sports田径运动

field sports  田赛运动

track sports 径赛运动

pole climbing 爬杆

tug-of-war 拔河

indoor (outdoor) sports 室内（外）运动

country sports 野外运动

hiking 徒步旅行

health sports 健身运动

bodybuilding exercises健美运动

mass sports 群众性运动

traditional sports 传统运动

squat-and-straighten-up exercise 蹲起运动

sports activities 体育活动

2、体育锻炼 Physical Training

hard training 大运动量训练

training method 训练方法

training plan/programme 训练计划

training time 训练时间

phase 训练阶段

volume of exercise 训练量

personal skill 个人技巧

basic technique基本功

amount of exercise运动量

warming-up (exercises) 准备活动

warming-down /cooling-down (exercise) 整理活动

ball game skills球艺

counter-acting exercise对抗训练

athletic skill体育技巧

sportsmanship体育道德

workout体育测验

3、体育服装 Sports Wear

sports coat/dress 运动衣

sports trousers 运动裤

sports shoes 运动鞋

sports shirt 运动衫

cuff  护腕

knee cap / knee guard 护膝

elbow guard 护肘

football suit(shirt, shorts, boots) 足球衣（衫，裤，鞋）

4、体育比赛 Competitions and Contests

eight of finals 八分之一决赛

big game 大型比赛

friendly match 友谊赛

open game 公开赛

quarterfinal round  四分之一决赛

world cup 世界杯赛

championship 锦标赛

scratch competition 正式比赛

semifinals 半决赛

finals; final game 决赛

exhibition match 表演赛

round robin 循环赛

elimination match 淘汰赛

preliminary competition 预赛

dual meet 对抗赛

challenge match 邀请赛

marching in 入场式

march-in/out 列队入场/退场

grouping 分组

schedule 比赛日程

competition date 比赛日期

competition site 比赛地点

competition programme 比赛秩序册

event 比赛项目

all-round event 全能项目

first/second/third division 甲、乙、丙组

draw 抽签

opening /closing ceremony 开/闭幕式

by 轮空

score 比分

total score 总分

two to zero 二比零

playing even 打成平局

breaking a record 打破纪录

champion 冠军

runner-up 亚军

third place 季军

gold medal 金牌

silver medal 银牌

bronze medal 铜牌

certificate of award 奖状

sportsman 运动员

beginner 新手

superstar 体育巨星

home team 主队

guest team 客队

opponent 对手

team member 队员

chief coach 主教练

head coach 总教练

trainer 教练员

head judge 裁判长

referee/judge 裁判员

cheering section 啦啦队

rooter 啦啦队员

sports fan 运动迷

spectator 观众（单个）

5、体育场、馆 Stadium and Gymnasium

entrance  入口

exit  出口

court 比赛场地

field house 更衣室

score board 记分牌

indoor stadium 室内体育馆

outdoor stadium 室外体育场

swimming stadium/gymnasium/pool 游泳场/馆/池

four hundred-meter athletic fields  400米田径场

basketball court 篮球场

football field 足球场

volleyball court 排球场

badminton court  羽毛球场

playground 运动场

(二)田径 Track and Field

1、田径运动 Athletic Sports

repeat runs 反复跑

track and field players’ clothes  田径服装

athletic training 田径训练

track and field meet 田径赛

buildup 加速跑冲刺跑练习

form work 技术练习

stretching exercises 伸展练习

over stride 步子过大

running on spot 原地跑

sprint training 短跑训练

steps-ups 单足踏上练习

leg power 腿部力量

leg action 腿部动作

lead foot 领先脚

lead leg 摆动腿

lead arm 领先臂

2、跳高 High Jump

arm action 手臂动作

front jump 正面跳高

standing jump 立定跳远

approach run 助跑

taking off 起跳

taking-off ground 起跳区

plant foot 起跳脚

taking-off leg 起跳腿

taking-off line 起跳线

taking-off spot 起跳点

foot plant 起跳踏地

foam rubber mat 海绵垫

flop 背越式跳高

straddle jump 俯卧式跳高

scissors jump 剪式跳高

cleaning the bar 过杆

jumping stand 跳高架

trial jump 试跳

sleeping leg 摆动腿

hitting the ground 触地

jumping over one point five meters 跳过1.5米

3、跳远 Long Jump

sand pit 沙坑

take-off board 起跳板

take-off line 起跳线

take-off point 起跳点

take-off angle 起跳角

standing long jump 立定跳远

standing triple jump 立定三级跳远

triple jump /hop, step and jump 三级跳远

tape measure 皮尺

run-up助跑

take-off  起跳

thrust against the ground 蹬地

transit 腾空

landing the ground 落地

take-off push 起跳蹬踏

draw up the knees 向上提膝

leg extension and thrust 向前伸腿

stride-in-air type 走步式跳远

hang 挺身式跳远

knee-tuck type 蹲距式跳远

landing leg 落地腿

landing area 落地区

swinging leg 摆动腿

take-off leg 起跳腿

stride in air 腾空步

4、投掷 Throw

shot 铅球

discus 铁饼

javelin 标枪

medicine ball 实心球

softball 垒球

pull 引枪

angle of release 出手角度

angle of shot 投掷角度

velocity of throwing 投掷速度

throwing field 投掷区

throwing action(motion) 投掷动作

throwing circle 投掷圈

throwing line 投掷线

cross-step 交叉步

standing throw 原地投掷

thrusting the shot away 猛推

trail put 试推

flip of wrist 拨球

side arm delivery 体侧投出

5、赛跑 Race

lane 分道

athletic fields 田径场

outside lane 外道

inside lane 里道

straight 直道

bend  弯道

track/race course 跑道

Tartan 踏当塑胶跑道

100-metre sprint (dash)100米跑

middle-distance race 中距离跑

long-distance race 长距离跑

steady running 匀速跑

full run 全力跑

comfortable running 放松跑

standing start 站立式起跑

crouch start 蹲距式起跑

false 起跑犯规

starting line 起跑线

starting block 起跑器

starting signal 起跑信号

basic speed 基本速度

jump finish 猛扑撞线

finishing line 终点线

burst for the tape 终点冲刺

jump the gun 抢跑

drop out 弃权

calling the roll 点名

collecting 检录

four by one hundred metres relay race  4╳100米接力跑

relay baton 接力棒

take-over zone 接力区

take-over接棒

baton exchange 传接棒

passing of the baton 传棒

upward pass 上挑式传棒

downward pass 下压式传棒

110-metre high hurdles 110米高栏

coming up to the hurdle 上栏

dripping over the hurdle 上体压栏

driving down off the hurdle 下栏

take-off spot 起跨点

getting over the hurdle 过栏

touchdown 落地

step(space) between the hurdle 栏间步（距离）

judge for field(track) events 田（径）赛裁判

referee for field(track) events田（径）赛裁判长

timekeeper 记时员

chief timekeeper记时长

（三）、体操 Gymnastics

acrobatic gymnastics 技巧运动

free exercises 自由体操

keep-fit exercises 保健操

free-standing exercises 徒手体操

group exercises 团体操

mat exercises 垫上运动

forward lunge 弓箭步

handstand 手倒立

lying flat on back 仰卧

arms upwards 两臂上举

arms forwards 两臂前平举

arms sideways 两臂侧举

chin-up 引体向上

quick forward somersault 前滚翻

raise on toes 提踵

layout 直体

tuck 抱膝

head down on chest 低头含胸

lifting the chest 挺胸

bend leg 屈膝腿

somersault front pike 屈体前翻

somersault back tuck 屈体后翻

flip turn 滚翻

leg extended 腿伸直

good form 正确姿势

pressing leg in front 正压腿

pressing leg at side 侧压腿

setting-up exercises 广播体操

arms stretch 上肢运动

head rolls 头部运动

arms and legs exercises 四肢运动

chest exercises扩胸运动

legs up exercises腿部运动

sides exercises体侧运动

twisting exercises体转运动

belly and back exercises腹背运动

skipping exercises 跳跃运动

cooling down exercises整理运动

（四）、球类运动 Sports of balls

1、篮球 Basketball

basketball court 篮球场

3-second zone 三秒区

center circle 中圈

division line 中线

end-line 底线

boundary line 端线

side-line 边线

free throw line 罚球线

front(back) court 前（后）场

backboard 篮板

ring 篮圈

cord net 篮网

shot 投篮

hook shot 勾手投篮

middle-distance shot 中距离投篮

jump shot 跳投

set shot 原地投篮

chest shot 胸前投篮

stop shot 急停投篮

act of shooting 投篮动作

making a goal 投中得分